Formation of moral and value orientations in middle preschool children means of children's literature

Abstract

The article highlights the results of the theoretical and experimental study of the formation of moral and value orientations in children of middle preschool age by means of children’s literature. The concept of moral and value orientations and their significance for the spiritual, axiological development of the child’s personality are defined. The influence of children’s literature as an effective means of forming moral and value orientations, which can simultaneously stimulate the imagination and emotions of the child, is described.
The stages of testing the methodology of formation of moral and value orientations of children of middle preschool age, based on the means of children’s literature, are characterized: familiarization of children with the work of children’s literature; a conversation about the content of the read children’s literary work to clarify the main storylines, events, situations, characteristics of the main characters; consolidation of material, repeated reading, reflection on the read work to realize the values of the work.
The formative work with children’s fiction is described to form moral and value orientations in children of middle preschool age (selection of a children’s literary work of moral direction, reading with an adult, discussion of the actions of the characters and events of the work according to the plot, reflection, awareness of values).
The pedagogical conditions for the formation of moral and value orientations of children of middle preschool age are defined: careful selection and use of literary children’s works of a humanistic direction; systematic work on moral and value development; ensuring the unity of influence on the intellectual, emotional and activity development of the individual.
The principles of selection of children’s literary works are highlighted: high artistic value and regularity; accessibility for perception by children of middle preschool age; moral content and the presence of educational ideas; taking into account the gender aspect (the alternation of works with the main characters of different sexes); use of various literary children’s works of classical and modern Ukrainian and foreign writers and poets, as well as folk works.
Psychological and pedagogical recommendations for parents and teachers of preschool education institutions on the formation of moral and value orientations in children have been developed.